What is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock?

Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock due to its rapid action in counteracting the life-threatening physiological responses associated with severe allergic reactions. When administered, epinephrine works by causing vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure, and by dilating the bronchial passages, thereby relieving respiratory distress. This medication also inhibits the release of mediators from mast cells and basophils, which contribute to the anaphylactic reaction.

Administering epinephrine promptly is crucial because anaphylaxis can progress rapidly, and early intervention can prevent severe complications or death. This immediate treatment addresses the underlying pathophysiology of anaphylaxis more effectively than other medications, making it the cornerstone of management in these emergency situations.

Other treatments, such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, may play supportive roles in managing symptoms and preventing recurrence, but they do not act quickly enough to counteract the acute effects of anaphylaxis. Fluid resuscitation can be important in cases of shock secondary to other causes, but in the context of anaphylaxis, it is secondary to the use of epinephrine for effective and timely reversal of the symptoms.