What are the primary therapeutic interventions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

The primary therapeutic interventions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) focus on restoring blood flow to the heart muscle and preventing further damage. The correct answer encompasses critical components of initial management that are aimed at reducing mortality and morbidity in AMI patients.

Antiplatelet therapy, such as aspirin or P2Y12 inhibitors, is vital as it helps to prevent the formation of new clots and minimize platelet aggregation. This is especially important in the setting of an acute coronary event where a thrombus can occlude a coronary artery.

Thrombolysis refers to the use of clot-dissolving medications to break down the thrombus that is obstructing blood flow. This therapy is most effective when administered early, ideally within a few hours of symptom onset, as it can significantly improve the prognosis by restoring blood supply to the ischemic area of the heart.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), often including angioplasty and stenting, is a common procedure performed to mechanically open narrowed coronary arteries. It enables direct restoration of blood flow and is associated with better outcomes compared to thrombolysis alone, particularly in patients with STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction).

In contrast, insulin therapy, vasopressors, and fluid resuscitation are